JENVIS DRY EYE REPORT

TEAR MENISCUS HEIGHT(NIKTMH NON-INVASIVE MENISCOMETRY)

The tear quantity in a patient’s eye can be measured by the height of the tear meniscus, which is visible between the ocular surface and the adjacent lid margin. The tear meniscus height has been determined without glare and non-invasively using infrared light. As a guideline, values of less than 0.2mm indicated a low tear quantity.

NIKBUT (NON-INVASIVE TEAR FILM BREAKUP TIME)

The tear film is, among other things, responsible for reducing the friction during blinks and for maintaining the good optical quality of the eye. It is therefore crucial thar tear film remains stable between blinks. A tear film that is stable for less than 10 seconds may contribute to symptoms of dry eye or burning sensation.Insufficient tear film stability can also be reason for fluctuating vision due to the reduced optical quality. This measurement was conducted non- invasively without applying any tear film vital dyes.

TEAR FILM BREAKUP TIME

The tear film is, among other things, responsible the friction during blinks and for maintaining the optical quality of the eye. It is therefore crucial that tear film remains stable between blinks. A tear film that is stable for less than 10 seconds may contribute to symptoms of dry eye or fluctuating vision. By applying a harmless fluorescent dye to your eye, the tears will be stained and the tear film break-up time can be assessed.

INTERFEROMETRY

The tear film consists of multiple layers. The outermost layer, the one exposed to air is a lipid layer that plays an important role in preventing the evaporation of the aqueous layer of the tear film interference pattern gives an indication of the lipid layer thickness. Contact les wearers with an increased lipid production may experience higher deposits on their lenses which may require the use of special cleaning solutions.

MEIBOMIAN GLAND ORIFICES AT LID MARGINS

When the eyelid has a vascularized appearance or is red, thick or swollen, scalloped or notched, this can be a sign of inflammation and that the oil glands inside the lid are not functioning properly. The lid appearance is further evaluated by assessing the oil gland openings and presence of froth along the lid margin. When gland secretions become stagnant and glands become blocked, they may appear to be pouting(similar to a pimple) or a may be capped off all together. This is sign of advanced meibomian gland disease. When glands remain locked, there is risk of irreversible gland loss.

LASHES

Eye lashes provide mechanical protection for the sensitive ocular surface. Sticky, crusty eye lashes or loss of lashes can be a sign of irritation of lid margins. Additional redness often indicates inflammation of lid margins( Blepharitis). These symptoms can also be caused by parasites.

MEIBOMIAN GLANDS FUNCTION ( EXPRESSIBILITY OF SECRETION)

Meibomian glands produce a sebaceous secretion which play a key role for a tear film stability. The gland secretion is distributed from the orifices of Meibomian Glands to the lid margin and is spread across he ocular surface with every blink. In some cases gland secretion is reduced. With slight pressure (expression) at lid margin, function and activity of Meibomian glands can be assessed. This examination is considered to be an important indicator for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction(MGD).

TELANGIECTASIA

Besides swollen lids, reddened lid margins are sign of irritated lids. Commonly this process starts with tiny, red shine through vessels with a diameter< 0.1cm. The telangiectasia can cause inflammation of the lid margins which impairs the functionality of Meibomian glands.

MEIBOGRAPHY

The meibomian glands are located in the upper and lower eyelid. These glands produce an olily substance that plays a crucial role in preserving the eye’s tear film stability, as this oily substance helps preventing the evaporation of tears and thus symptoms of dry eye. When assessing the meibomian glands, only the gland orifices( or openings) can be seen at the lid margin with a biomicroscope. The actual glands can only be visualized by means of meibography, an imaging method using infrared light.

REDNESS

Ocular redness can be caused by a number of factors, including ocular dryness, mechanical friction, allergies, inflammation, contact lens solutions containing preservatives, topical medications or environmental factors. Redness levels of approximately grade 1(on a 0 to 4 scale) are typically considered normal.

CONJUNCTIVAL STAINING

Insufficient tear quantities may results in areas of dryness on the outermost layer of the conjunctiva (epithelium). These microscopically small epithelial defects are called conjunctival “ staining “.

GIANT PAPILLARY CONJUNCTIVITIS

On the inner side of the eyelids redness and swelling can occur caused by inflammations and allergies. The redness and the swellings can be graded based on the score of redness , number and size of the papillae and follicle ( grade 0 no change up to grade 4 very severe change).

CONJUNCTIVAL CHALASIS

When using high magnification, the bulbar conjunctiva is assessed along the lower lid margin, lose to the colored part of the eye. In cases of dry eye, folds that run parallel to the lid margin may be observed. These folds may form as a result of the friction that occurs on the ocular surface during blinking. This friction is greater in cases of low tear quantity or with reduced tear film quality , which may lead to a higher number of folds.

LOCAL CORNEAL STAINING

Insufficient tear quantities may result in areas of dryness on the outermost layer of the cornea and conjunctiva (epithelium). These microscopically small epithelial defects are called corneal or conjunctival “ staining “. Staining in the lower third of the cornea can caused by incomplete blinks. Diffuse staining can be a results of allergic reactions.

DIFFUSE CORNEAL STAINING

Insufficient tear quantities may result in areas of dryness on the outermost layer of the cornea and conjunctiva (epithelium). These microscopically small epithelial defects are called corneal or conjunctival “staining”. Staining in the lower third of the cornea can be caused by incomplete blinks. Diffuse staining can be a results of allergic reactions.

3 AND 9 O’CLOCK CORNEAL STAINING

Insufficient teat quantities may results in areas of dryness on the outermost layer of the cornea and conjunctiva(epithelium). These microscopically small epithelium defects are called corneal or conjunctival “staining. Staining in the lower third of the cornea can be caused by incomplete blinks. Diffuse staining can be a results of allergic reactions.

JENA DRY EYE QUESTIONNAIRE

The patient’s perception of their ocular dryness is typically assessed by means of symptoms or dry eye questionnaires. By answering specific questions related to ocular dryness symptoms, the severity of dry eye can be estimated. The classification of dry eye severity depends on the questionnaire being used.